Panorama da energia eólica no Brasil : análise do Proinfa e dos leilões de energia elétrica no Ambiente de Contratação Regulada até 2021

Abstract

This work analyses the landscape of wind power generation in Brazil, with emphasis on the context created for its insertion in the Brazilian electricity matrix and the energy policies adopted to make the first large-scale projects feasible. To reach the mark of 21 GW of installed capacity verified in December 2021, we emphasize the importance of the Incentive Program for Alternative Electric Energy Sources - Proinfa, created in 2002 with the aim of contracting, in Phase 1 of the program, up to 1.1 GW of wind projects, as well as the auctions of electric energy in the Regulated Contracting Environment - ACR, either through Reserve Auctions, Alternative Source Auctions and/or New Energy Auctions. The results of Proinfa, the evolution of energy prices contracted in the ACR auctions, and the energy production verified along the years of the operational projects are presented. From the analysis, one can conclude that the wind energy source currently presents competitive energy prices, with significant participation in the New Energy Auctions. In the A-5 Auction of 2021 the average contracted price was R$ 160/MWh, while for Proinfa projects the prices are higher than R$ 680/MWh. On the other hand, in terms of energy production, there is a tendency of lower generation than initially estimated. During the annual review processes of the physical guarantees based on the verified energy, on average, 36% of the projects of the Alternative Sources and New Energy Auctions suffered a reduction in their physical energy guarantee.