Evolução do tratamento da fisioterapia na dor da fibromialgia

Abstract

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a rheumatologic syndrome with little known etiology characterized by generalized chronic pain and reduced pain threshold, with hyperalgesia (exaggerated sensitivity to pain or heightened sensation to painful stimuli, which may be followed by tissue damage containing nociceptors or injury to a peripheral nerve) and allodynia (the perception of a non-noxious stimulus as painful) with some associated symptoms, such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, impairment of physical abilities and skills, especially functional capacity and reduced muscle strength. Exercise programs to strengthen muscles and improve cardiovascular fitness, relaxation techniques to combat muscle tension, and educational programs to help understand and manage fibromyalgia. Physiotherapy plays an important role in improving pain control and increasing or maintaining the patient's functional abilities at home or at work. Objective: To carry out a systematic review on the evolution of physical therapy treatment for fibromyalgia pain. Methodology: The bibliographic survey was carried out in the PEDro, Scielo, MEDLINE via PubMed and Lilacs databases, from September 2021 to February 2022. The following keywords were used: fibromyalgia (fibromyalgia), pain (pain) associated with physical therapy, during the search, these words were crossed with other descriptors: rehabilitation, exercise, physical therapy treatment. Results: The search for articles performed resulted in 78 articles, but only 11 articles were included in the present study because they met the eligibility criteria. Conclusion: The studies included in this review indicate that there is effectiveness in treatments that use resistance training, hydrokinesiotherapy and pilates to control pain in fibromyalgic patients. In addition to electrothermophototherapeutic resources that also help control pain. However, there is a need for studies that explore the development of protocols to improve pain, physical conditioning and consequently improve the quality of life of this population.