Implementação de exercícios proprioceptivos para prevenção de entorse de tornozelo em atletas de basquete: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Basketball is a team sport that requires physical efforts and motor skills that need speed, strength, and endurance, to achieve success from a technical and tactical point of view. The great physical demands imposed by the practice of basketball contribute to the greater risk of injuries. Ankle sprains, especially lateral sprains, are the most diagnosed injuries in basketball players, representing approximately 25% of injuries in this modality. Athletes with a history of ankle sprains may suffer many physical and functional limitations on the affected ankle, therefore, proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention become necessary, as they can prevent the development of chronic symptoms and substantially reduce the burden of socioeconomic status associated with the injury. Proprioceptive exercise training is a cost-effective intervention that may benefit athletes who sustain an ankle sprain during physical activity and may subsequently reduce the risk of additional complications. Therefore, the application of proprioceptive exercises in the training routine of athletes who practice basketball can be fundamental in the prevention of ankle sprains in athletes. The present study aimed to analyze whether proprioceptive exercise programs can reduce the risk of ankle sprains in basketball players. The searches were carried out in the electronic databases Medline, Scopus, and PEDro, using only the English language. The search terms used were: “proprioception”, “neuromuscular exercise”, “balance”, “training”, “exercise”, “basketball”, “ankle sprain”, and “prevention”. We included randomized controlled trials that investigated, as a primary or secondary endpoint, the effects of proprioceptive exercises in prevention programs for ankle sprain injuries in male and female basketball players. Studies with a score lower than four on the PEDro scale were excluded. Thus, five studies were included in this review. In general, the results of this review suggest an important preventive effect of programs with proprioceptive exercises in reducing the risk of ankle sprains, however, there is a need for further studies with greater methodological rigor in this area.