Estudo retrospectivo das alterações morfológicas da articulação temporomandibular em pacientes com o diagnóstico de Síndrome da Face Longa

Abstract

Introduction: Long Face Syndrome (SFL) is first manifested as a vertical excess in the lower third of the face. The frontal facial analysis shows an upper third within the limits of normality; middle third with narrow nose, narrow alar base and nasolabial depression and lower third with excessive exposure of maxillary anterior teeth, lip hypermobility, gingival smile, vertical maxillary excess and chin deficiency. Orthognathic surgery is concerned with the correction of dent facial deformities. The procedures are performed in a multidisciplinary manner and aiming at facial harmony, dental harmony, functional occlusion, health of the orofacial structures and stability of the procedure. Objectives: To evaluate the results obtained after performing orthognathic bimaxillary advancement surgeries in 20 patients with Class II malocclusion and Long Face facial pattern. Materials and Methods: A sample of 20 patients (n = 20) was analyzed, being 14 women and 06 men with ages varying from 19 to 58 years. All patients underwent face computed tomography, occlusal surface scanning of the teeth and MRI of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), with open mouth and closed mouth. The treatment was performed bimaxilar advancement with mentoplasty in all cases and repositioning and anchoring of the articular disc, when indicated, at the same time. Results: all patients had their dent-skeletal deformities corrected satisfactorily, both in the aesthetic and functional aspects. Of the total of 20 patients, 12 had some degree of joint disc displacement. Conclusion: the results obtained in the study suggest a correlation between Long Face Syndrome and internal degenerative changes in TMJ. It is important to include TMJ analysis, through dynamic computed tomography and MRI, in the protocols for the evaluation and diagnosis of patients with skeletal disorders.