Características clínicas e demográficas das lesões pigmentadas da mucosa bucal: estudo multicêntrico no brasil

Abstract

This multicenter study evaluated the frequency, clinical and demographic characteristics of oral pigmented lesions, comparing melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions that have been submitted to histopathological analysis in the five regions of the Brazilian territory (North, Northeast, Midwest, Southeast and South). The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Federal University of Minas Gerais under the protocol number 3.257.828 and CAAE 55119516.5.0000.5149 and replicated to the Ethics Committees of the other centers. A retrospective analysis from 1952 to 2018, was made on the biopsy files from seven Oral Pathology services in Brazil. Based on the histopathological diagnosis, clinical and demographic data were collected from biopsy charts of all pigmented lesions. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Out of the 177,356 files reviewed, 905 were pigmented lesions, representing 0.51%. Melanocytic lesions were more frequent (54.5%) than nonmelanocytic (45.5%). Melanotic macula (54.1%) and melanocytic nevi (34.1%) were the most frequent lesions among melanocytic lesions. Amalgam tattoo (91.3%) and exogenous pigmentation (7.3%) were the most entities found in nonmelanocytic lesions. Statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found between the type of lesion and age, skin color, fundamental lesion, color, and affected site. Individuals under 19 years, nonwhite (OR=2.09 95% CI 1.26-3.47), a raised lesion (OR=4.44 95% CI1.63-12.96), with brown color (OR=10.26 95% CI 4.84-21.76) have more chance to represent a melanocytic lesion than a nonmelanocytic (p<0.05). Lesions in lip (OR=43.62 95% CI 12.47-152.66), palate (OR=7.24 95% CI 3.65-14.33) and buccal mucosa (OR=1.98 95% CI 1.08-3.62) had more chance to be melanocytic than nonmelanocytic (p<0.05), while those on the floor of the mouth (OR=0.17 95% CI 0.03-0.80) were more likely to be nonmelanocytic. Sex, symptoms, or size were not associated with type of lesion (p>0.05). Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa are rare among biopsied lesions. This is the first multicenter study with the largest sample to date. Knowledge about the aspects associated with melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions helps the clinician in the differential diagnosis and drives the correct management, since for most nonmelanocytic lesions a biopsy can be let off, whereas melanocytic lesions usually need to be confirmed by histopathological exam. Lesion location, color, fundamental lesion, skin-color and age are features that can help differentiate melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions.