O impacto da duração do aleitamento materno no crescimento e desenvolvimento das estruturas dento esqueléticas

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the duration of breastfeeding on the prevalence of deleterious oral habits, and on the growth and development of dental and skeletal structures. The sample was comprised of 283 clinical charts of children, patients of the Orthodontic clinic PUC Minas – Belo Horizonte, MG, aged from 5 to 11 years old (147 boys and 136 girls). This sample was divided into 2 groups: Group 1: they were breastfed in an exclusive way or not, for a period of less than 6 months (n=128) and Group 2: they were breastfed, in an exclusive way or not, for 6 months or more (n=155). Both groups were subdivided according to the stages of development of occlusion (complete denture decidual, initial mixed denture; inter transitory period; final mixed denture). The information concerning time and the type of breastfeeding, as well as the presence of deleterious oral habits evaluated (nursing bottle, sucking of pacifier and finger, lingual and lips interposition) were extracted from charts. With the aide of orthodontic models and cephalometric radiographs, linear and cefalometric measures have been evaluated such as: intercanine distance and intermolar, length and perimeter of arches, depth of palate, overjet, overbite, SNA, SNB, ANB, NS-Gn, SN-GoGn and Ar-GoMe. The following dental diagnostic have been assorted (sagittal, transversal and vertical) and skeletal (sagittal and vertical). The test used was qui-square of Pearson to test the association also enters each deleterious oral habits with the time and type of breastfeeding and the reason of the possibilities between the time of breastfeeding and the presence of deleterious oral habits was esteem. The continuous variable had been compared applying tests t of Student or Mann-Whitney. For the comparison between the dental and skeletal diagnostics and the time of breastfeeding it was used the test qui-square of Pearson and the Accurate test of Fisher. A multivaried analysis was carried through to evaluate the use of pacifiers, sort, time of the breastfeeding and the dental and skeletal continuous variable. The habit of sucking a pacifier was the most prevailing (59,4%), followed by the nursing bottle (57,9%), tongue interposition (21,9%), sucking of the finger (13,4%) and lip interposition (8,8%). The habits of sucking of pacifier (p=0,000) and lip interposition (p=0,048) have shown association with both times of breastfeeding evaluated. About the growth and development of dental skeletal structures, the average of dental measures decidua upper intercanine distance and intermolar, length of the upper and lower arches, mandibular arch perimeter and cefalometric SNA e ANB were observed, furthermore the sagittal skeletal diagnostic showed an association statistically significant with both times of breastfeeding. In this study it has been concluded that the minimal time of breastfeeding was the factor of protection against the 2 deleterious oral habits: sucking of pacifier and lip interposition, and showed association with the dental skeletal development in some of the variables studied.