Identificação de leveduras causadoras de micoses oportunistas em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

Yeasts are among the major causes of nosocomial infectious diseases in the world, in particular those caused by the species of the genus in Candida, in particular the species Candida albicans, as it is the most prevalent in diseases in humans. Subsequently they follow C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. dubliniensis, of which we also mention the emerging ones, C. nivariensis, C. inconspicuous, C. norvegensis and C. auris. The species of the genus Candida are part of the human microbiota and are present in mucous membranes, skin and genital tract, but they can become pathogenic triggering infectious processes and serious systemic diseases, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The identification of these yeasts is carried out by biochemical tests, culture and by molecular methods. It is important to highlight the performance of continuous surveillance activities to identify changes in incidence rates, etiological agents, susceptible populations and resistance to antifungals. The objective of this work is to identify the yeasts that cause opportunistic mycoses in two hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In addition to comparing the data obtained with the results found in the units' laboratory and with information in the patient's record. The methodology includes obtaining samples, isolation and identification of yeasts, cryopreservation, use and analysis of data. Of 129 biological samples provided by the collaborating hospitals, 151 isolates were obtained and 51 isolates were analyzed. Initially the isolates were separated into groups according to their macroscopic characteristics, using the CHROMágar Candida® culture medium for this. The isolates were identified using molecular biology techniques, oligonucleotide fingerprinting (GTG) 5 repeated sequences interspersed granting amplification of DNA fragments of different sizes and molecular sequencing. After analyzing the results using the CHROMágar Candida® method, we observed the prevalence of C. albicans, unidentified and C. krusei. We also observed the prevalence of the species C. albicans followed by C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis and Kluyveromyces marxianus. The 51 patients admitted to the collaborating hospitals had an average age of 44.4 years, the majority live in Belo Horizonte and also without information regarding the profession, 52.94% have HIV positive tests and 28 have died. We verified with this work, the importance of using molecular methodology, with more precise results, compared to the conventional methodology