Análise comparativa do desempenho da prestação de serviços de água e esgoto em municípios de Minas Gerais

Abstract

The sanitary situation in Brazil is still deficient in many locations, due to issues inherent to the provision of sanitation services, based on political, economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects. In the country, this theme gained special prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic, given its fundamental role in promoting hygiene and health, as well as, due to the controversial scenario that crosses the sector by the advent of Law nº 14.026/2020, which significantly changes the legal framework for sanitation (Law No. 11,447/2007). Given this scenario, there is a need to monitor the performance of these services in the municipalities in order to contribute to policy discussions for the sector. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the provision of water supply and sewage services in Minas Gerais, in order to generate information that is also representative of the national context. To this end, the database of the National Sanitation Information System - SNIS, referring to 2019, was used as the main source of data. It is noteworthy that the SNIS data refer to collective sanitation solutions and the care of the urban population, therefore, they do not apply to the characterization of management by individual solutions. That said, the selected information was grouped according to its adherence to the dimensions of sustainability (S) and universality (U), forming the SU index, and of effectiveness (E), efficiency (E) and effectiveness (E) in the composition of the EEE index, aiming to characterize the behavior of the different providers in these aspects. These indices were generated from exploratory factor analysis and represented by scores (between 0 and 1) to assess municipalities from both perspectives (SU and EEE). Among the results, it is highlighted that the direct public administration (11.1% of the sample) achieved worse performance in both indexes with a median of 0.29 in SU and 0.34 in EEE. Soon after, the public company group (6.1% of the sample) with a median of 0.28 for SU and 0.40 for EEE, showed the greatest difference, around 12%, in the value between the indices. The autarchy (10.9% of the sample) presented the best evaluation, of 0.64 in SU and 0.70 in EEE, followed by the mixed company with public administration (71.9% of the sample), whose median rates corresponded to, 0.52 and 0.51, respectively. It was also possible to observe that in the mesoregions Norte de Minas, Vale do Rio Doce and Vale do Mucuri, low scores of SU and EEE are concentrated (0.00 - 0.50) and in the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba and Oeste de Minas, the highest (0.50-1.00). It is hoped that this research will lead to improvements in the management of sanitation services and promote more inclusive and equitable public policies.