Análise da aplicação ativa de sistemas adesivos na resistência de união à dentina e ao esmalte: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise de estudos in vitro

Abstract

The way the adhesive system is applied can interfere with the immediate and long term bond strength of different dental adhesives. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review the literature, identifying in vitro studies that evaluated the bond strength of adhesives, regardless of their classification, applied actively compared to the passive application, in enamel and dentin. The search was done in Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Gray platforms in April 2022. In vitro studies that evaluated the bond strength of adhesive systems applied actively compared to the passive form were included in this study. Meta analyses were separated by substrate (enamel and dentin) and application mode (conventional or self-etching), using a 95% confidence interval, a random effect model, and heterogeneity determined by the I2 index. The risk of bias was assessed by a modified version of the “Joanna Briggs Institute”. From the 3022 articles found, 22 articles were included after removing the duplicates, selecting by title, and fully reading the selected articles. Meta-analysis of the application of universal adhesives to enamel after acid etching (applied in the etch-and-rinse mode) demonstrated that passive application favors bond strength results. For conventional or universal adhesives applied in etch-and-rinse mode, when actively applied to dentin, they favor bond strength results. For self-etching or universal adhesives applied in self-etching mode, active application, both on enamel and dentin, favors bond strength results. Few studies have evaluated longevity, but those that have evaluated have also observed favorable responses to active application of the adhesives. Only one self-curing universal adhesive showed significantly divergent results. Substantial (I2 = 65%) and considerable (I2 = 87%) heterogeneity were obtained for the meta-analyses of adhesives applied in the self-etching mode, respectively, to enamel and dentin. The active application of light-curing adhesive systems in etch-and-rinse mode favors bond strength to dentin, and in self-etching mode it favors bond strength to unconditioned enamel and dentin.