Análise da vulnerabilidade socioambiental causada por imóveis públicos federais com gestão inadequada: um estudo de caso em Belo Horizonte - MG

Abstract

The Union has thousands of properties distributed throughout the national territory. These properties, which are the object of this research, are managed by the Secretariat of Patrimony of the Union (SPU), an agency subordinated to the Ministry of Management and Innovation in Public Services, and among its competencies are to carry out the incorporation, destination and inspection of the properties. The Secretariat faces problems to manage the properties efficiently due to several factors, among them the lack of information needed to regularize the properties, such as location and registration documents, as well as the shortage of manpower in the agency. When a certain property does not have an adequate management, that is, when it has not been incorporated, destined, or adequately inspected, it can remain unoccupied and susceptible to irregular occupation. Specifically in Minas Gerais, SPU is responsible for several properties that have not been incorporated, among which are the properties of the extinct Federal Railway Company (RFFSA). RFFSA was extinguished in 2007 and its non-operational assets were transferred to the Union, but these were not properly managed and many were occupied irregularly. The unincorporated and irregularly occupied properties are subject to a lack of essential services, may suffer deforestation, infrastructure degradation, among others, which generate social and environmental impacts in the location. This impact generated by vacant properties can be measured by calculating the area's socio-environmental vulnerability, which uses social and environmental variables to measure the vulnerability index. This research aimed to model the socio-environmental impact using multicriteria analysis as a methodology to calculate the socio-environmental vulnerability index of Union property with irregular occupation due to the lack of management by the competent body and which suffers actions that generate environmental and social vulnerabilities. The socio-environmental vulnerability calculation was developed based on the multi-criteria analysis - AHP, according to the methodology proposed by Saaty (1980). To this end, cartographic bases of environmental and social character were used and tested, with field inspection, in two properties in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. As results, we obtained areas with socio-environmental vulnerability ranging from very low to high, showing the impact generated by the lack of management. The results validated by inspection show that the methodology can be considered valid. Thus, it is possible to infer that the methodology can be replicated for the calculation in other properties under the Union's responsibility. The impacts generated by the lack of property management were observed and discussed, and this dissertation showed that the lack of efficient allocation and inspection allows properties to be invaded, generating vulnerabilities that affect the population and the surrounding environment. All these factors highlight the importance of the agency's performance in an effective manner. By improving the management of these properties, SPU contributes to society, particularly under the aegis of UN Sustainable Development Goals 1, 6 and 16, which aim to promote peace, justice and effective institutions, eradication of poverty, and clean water and sanitation for all.