Mudanças nos padrões de formação das famílias domiciliares brasileiras: um estudo das complexidades recentes, dos diferenciais socioeconômicos e de papéis de gênero

Abstract

The change in family patterns, observed from the second half of the 20th century, raised the need to think about the structure of a family beyond the size and composition contours resulting from the Demographic Transition. The cultural, institutional and value changes that occur in society, with their effects on the formation and dissolution of families, assumed a central role in the theoretical constructions that accompanied the transformations of this period. This thesis aims to understand and describe the complexity associated with the family changes observed in Brazil, privileging their manifestation from two perspectives: the family structures/composition, with the rise of single-parent and extended families; and the domestic arrangement of couples, which are moving away from the male breadwinner/female homemaker model. In the first approach, data from Brazilian demographic census, from 1960 to 2010, were used to describe the evolution of the household structure. For this, an algorithm was developed to identify, for everyone residing in a household, the possible parental and marital relationships with all other coresident members. The evaluation of the composition of households showed that, over 50 years, the proportion of people in the more traditional family type, couple with children, fell, and the plurality of family forms became apparent with the relative growth of complex arrangements, such as single-parent and extended families. The results show that the growth of single-parent families in the period is much greater when we consider not only the nuclear households, but also the single-parent family within extended households. These families are still associated with a condition of greater socioeconomic vulnerability. In the second approach, we discuss the symmetry of gender roles, marital types, and domestic organization between spouses. Using data from PNAD 2014, couples were classified on a scale of gender traditionalism in the division of labor using latent profiles analysis. The evidence shows that most couples are still organized in a traditional division of responsibilities (42.4%). Almost 39% of couples have characteristics of a stalled gender revolution: women share the responsibility of providing income with their partner, but they do not share domestic responsibilities with them. Only a small portion of couples, with high education and high income, seem to enjoy a division in which both equally share their domestic responsibilities (12.6%). The results suggest that more egalitarian partnerships may be a more achievable reality for married women with higher education.