A regulação urbanística, a regularização fundiária e o mercado imobiliário em Confins, na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte

Abstract

The research is a critical and theoretical analysis of the contributions of urban and land regularization in Brazil to socio-spatial segregation. It is developed on the interface of areas such as law, urbanism, geography, politics and economics. It is considered to be a tendency of aggravation of socio-spatial segregation due to transformations in the global production process that tend to expand the lower circuit of the economy in the country. One of the reflections of this problem in the territory is the growth of informal occupation, which reinforces poverty itself. Urban regulation has the purpose of interfering with these distortions produced by the real estate market, using land regularization of social interest as an instrument. The problem is that urban and land regularization may be contributing to the aggravation of socio-spatial segregation. Deepening in this relationship based on the understanding of the process of transformation of urban norms and land regularization in Brazil through its interfaces with the process of socio-spatial segregation composes the purpose of the research. Bibliographical research, data and documents analysis were made, including current urban norms. From the theoretical and analytical framework, a case study was undertaken to verify and analyze the application of these instruments in Confins/MG, part of Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region. It was understood that discouraging the real estate speculation process, adequately offering social housing and realizing the right to the city through popular participation are the ways to face socio-spatial segregation. This is central to Brazilian urban law, which establishes the municipal master plan as an instrument for defining the social function of the city and property. The autonomy of the master plan in the organization of urban space is reduced due to the obligation to comply with urban parameters stipulated by other federal, state and metropolitan norms. A tendency towards greater autonomy of the municipal norm with regard to environmental parameters was identified as a process of easing restrictions and favoring the real estate market. It was observed that the federal norm that deals with urban land regularization allows partial processes of land regularization, breaks with the logical structure of urban regulation, emphasizes titling, benefits offenders without acuity with social interest and allows the real estate market to act in where regulation restricts it. The process of Urban Land Regularization (Reurb) in Confins reiterates this analysis, as it focuses on titling and not on improving environmental and housing conditions. Urban regulation in Confins proved to be convergent with proposals for economic development based on the airport and encompasses the conflict with environmental issues. Reurb prepares the land bases for the real estate market to operate, which, in the absence of a housing policy, could generate a gentrification process and new pressures for informal occupation. It was concluded that there is a tendency to aggravate socio-spatial segregation through the relationship between urban and land regularization in Brazil. In the case of Confins, developing a housing policy and planning on a project scale can minimize conflicts between the environment, economic and social development.