Identificação projetiva e contratransferência : o manejo clínico em questão

Abstract

The present study was originated by the need to comprehend the concept of projective identification, postulated by Melanie Klein (1946), producing a theorical synthesis on evolution of the concept. Parting from Klein other theorists brought contributions to the theme by promoting the technique and practice of the psychoanalytic clinic. The development made by Bion, and the clinic model proposed by the author, approaches the analytical „setting‟ of the relation of object (mother/baby) and then puts the analyst in the position of cornerstone as the session unfolds. Studies of Joseph Sandler referring to the projective identification highlight the three levels that the author suggests on the concept and importance of the differing made by the analyst on the occurrence of the way the analyzed express its emotions, and through countertransference the analyst can guide its interventions. The study of the projective identification brought us closer to another fundamental concept, which is the countertransference. This one, as it has been developed, allows us to study the quality and psychic health of the analyst, since we believe it is from here that the resources for the refinement of the clinical material of the patient will come from. This material will be returned under the construct of interventions and interpretations. The concept of countertransference will be studied in its origin on the works of Freud, who didn‟t let the phenomenon turn into his studies, the investigation of the consciousness of the analyzer, thus, the positioning of Klein on the countertransference went to the same direction as Freud, that abolished the talking about the analyst feelings when in front of the patient. Amplification and modifying of the concept by Heimann and the breaking with Mrs. Klein were important markings on the countertransference theme. Heimann surfaces the countertransference question and unveils the discussion on the idea, even knowing of the harsh consequences on sustaining his thought and breaking apart from the Kleininan School. Continuing the historical investigation, it will be highlighted on the work of Heinrich Racker, the concept of countertransference neurosis; his studies gave emphasis to the countertransferential phenomenon and its implications on the clinical use. Its unfolding over the psychoanalytic techniques, emphasized the psychic quality of the analyst in face of the resistances of its patient. The transferential and countertransferential phenomena took new dimensions after the incorporating of the projective identification concept in the psychoanalytic theory of the English School. The psychoanalytic clinic praxis, from the projective identification, builds itself through comprehension of the emotional impact that the patient causes on the analyst. Therefore, the objective of the study is to bethink the performance of the professional and how this one deals with the frustrating aspects of the analytic encounter and what tools will be needed for the clinical handling.