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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/55705
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dc.creatorWanessa Trindade Clementept_BR
dc.creatorPaulo Henrique Orlandi Mourãopt_BR
dc.creatorFrancisco Lopez-medranopt_BR
dc.creatorBrian s. Schwartzpt_BR
dc.creatorCarmen García-donosopt_BR
dc.creatorJulian Torre-cisnerospt_BR
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-03T21:20:26Z-
dc.date.available2023-07-03T21:20:26Z-
dc.date.issued2017-10-31-
dc.citation.volume102pt_BR
dc.citation.spageS8pt_BR
dc.citation.epageS15pt_BR
dc.identifier.doi10.1097/TP.0000000000002018pt_BR
dc.identifier.issn00411337pt_BR
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1843/55705-
dc.description.resumoLeishmaniasis is a protozoan disease transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus (Old World) and Lutzomyia (New World). Infection with Leishmania species may cause cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is characterized by single or multiple skin ulcers, satellite lesions, or nodular lymphangitis and is associated with multiple species . Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) is often caused by L. braziliensis and L. panamensis, and leads to metastasis of the disease to the mucosal tissues of the mouth and upper respiratory tract via lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination . VL in the New World is caused by L. infantum (= L. chagasi).In this form, the parasite can infect internal organs, such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, causing life-threatening diseases. However, in immunocompromised hosts, such as organ transplant recipients, the clinical presentation of this disease and the response to treatment can be greatly altered.Reported cases of leishmaniasis in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients have been predominantly VL; CL is rarely reported among these patients.5 It remains unclear whether this difference occurs because SOT leads to a greater susceptibility to VL, because fewer organ transplants are performed in areas highly endemic for CL or because of a publication bias. In a recent study, VL prevalence among SOT recipients ranged from 0.1% to 0.5% in endemic countries. The factors causing infected individuals to develop clinicaldisease are only partially understood; however, parasite virulence, nutritional status, age, and host genetic and response factors are known to contribute to the development of clinical disease.8 Seventy percent of individuals can be asymptomatically infected in highly endemic areas, depending on the geographic location and detection technique used In healthy, immunocompetent hosts, T helper cells kill Leishmania protozoa. However, in immunosuppressed patients, the T-cell response is inadequate, thus increasing the susceptibility of these patients to develop clinical disease or more severe disease and leading to higher rates of relapse. In organ transplant recipients, the risk factors for developing leishmaniasis have been poorly studied. Immunosuppression, especially due to the use of high-dose steroids, may play a role in the development.of disease.11 Leishmaniasis is frequently described in renal transplant recipients. This finding may be attributed to the higher number of renal transplants compared with other organs or to a publication bias; although, it is conceivable that renal failure or dialysis may increase the risk of developing leishmaniasis via an as-yet-unknown mechanism. Transplant patients can develop leishmaniasis by (i)primary infection via a vector, (ii) reactivation of a latent infection, or (iii) donor-derived infection (organ or blood).16,17 Leishmani asis should be suspected in transplant recipients from endemic areas or in those who have traveled to endemic areas, even if they did so many years before transplantation.3 Leishmaniasis can occur at any time after transplantation; although, most infections present in the first year posttransplant.5,11,18 There is evidence linking the intensity of endemicity in an area withearly infection after transplantation.pt_BR
dc.format.mimetypepdfpt_BR
dc.languageengpt_BR
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal de Minas Geraispt_BR
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpt_BR
dc.publisher.departmentMED - DEPARTAMENTO DE PROPEDÊUTICA COMPLEMENTARpt_BR
dc.publisher.initialsUFMGpt_BR
dc.relation.ispartofTransplantation-
dc.rightsAcesso Abertopt_BR
dc.subjectCutaneous leishmaniasispt_BR
dc.subjectVisceral leishmaniasispt_BR
dc.subjectOrgan Transplantationpt_BR
dc.subject.otherLeishmaniose Tegumentar Difusapt_BR
dc.subject.otherLeishmaniose Visceralpt_BR
dc.subject.otherTransplante de orgãospt_BR
dc.titleVisceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis recommendations for solid organ transplant recipients and donorspt_BR
dc.typeArtigo de Periódicopt_BR
dc.url.externahttps://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/Fulltext/2018/02002/Visceral_and_Cutaneous_Leishmaniasis.2.aspxpt_BR
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0848-3740pt_BR
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