Etiologia, epidemiologia e tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: The dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is defined as acute pain originated from dentin exposed into oral environment. The DH treatment depends on professional knowledge, and there are several aspects regarding this clinical condition. Aim: This study aimed to review the literature about the etiology, mechanism of action theories, epidemiology and treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Materials and Methods: Electronic search was performed in Pubmed/Medline and Web of Science databases. It was used the keywords: dentin sensitivity, dentin hipersensitivity, etiology, epidemiology and treatment. The relevant articles were fully read, without date or language restriction. Literature review: the exposure of the dentinal tubules to the oral cavity usually occurs in the cervical region of the tooth, and it involves factors such as gingival recession, loss of enamel and periodontal disease. Some theories have been proposed to explain the DH, the most accepted worldwide is the hydrodynamic theory. The prevalence of DHranges from 4 to 74%, being more common in women and premolars teeth. Many treatments have been used in cases of DH, however, no totally effective and reliable treatment was identified. The treatments can be in-home or in-office, and they are based on obliterating dentinal tubules or neural action. Conclusions: The main etiological factors for DH are erosion and gingival recession. This clinical condition presents high prevalence in Brazilian. The hydrodynamic theory is the most widely accepted to explain DH. There is no gold standard treatment for DH, and a combination of in-office and in-home treatments may be necessary to treat the problem.