Análise do fluxo reverso de veículos em fim de vida no Estado de Minas Gerais

Abstract

End-of-life vehicles are among the most important reverse solid waste reverse flows in the world, varied in composition and volume, are valuable sources of secondary raw materials for the production cycle. The analysis of this flow is essential to map the factors that limit the circularity of vehicle waste. The State of Minas Gerais represents the second largest fleet in Brazil and still does not have a systemic control of the final destination of these vehicles, imposing a growing effort on the public and private sectors to implement effective strategies to solve their reverse flow. That way, this work proposes to present a diagnosis on the reverse flow of end-of-life vehicles in Minas Gerais. Its specific objectives include quantifying the end-of-life fleet, identifying the actors participating in this flow and their roles. The methodology consists of five stages in addition to the bibliographic review, the first stage corresponds to the collection of data from the circulating fleet and auctioned scrap vehicles; the second stage consists in the application statistical analyzes (Shapiro Wilk test, t test, Mann Whitney test and forecast analysis) in the IBM SPSS version 25 program; the third stage includes the collection of reverse chain data and the creation of thematic maps in the Qgis 3.22.99; the fourth stage includes data collection on abandonment on public roads and content analysis and the fifth stage comprises semi-structured interviews, transcription and content analysis without using an auxiliary program. The results showed that the statistical forecast obtained showed good quality, it is estimated that 72,791 ELVs will be generated for 2030, totaling 37,765 tons of solid waste to be properly disposed of in Minas Gerais. The identified flow starts with the mandatory and voluntary exit of vehicles in circulation. The collection takes place in the removal of seized vehicles, later transported and stored by companies accredited with the DETRAN-MG to proceed the sale via auction, in addition to collections referring to direct disposals by the owners. After undoing, the flow proceeds to disassembly with the purpose of reuse and other different forms of waste recovery. The lack of traceability throughout the process was evidenced, the generators for the most part do not report this information to the control bodies, a result that directly impacted the flow output. The flow actors are represented by individuals and legal entities (public and private).The reverse chain is predominantly represented by small companies with reduced operational capacity and a low level of industrialization, with limited potential to recover value from vehicle waste. The lack of transparency in accessing information, the administrative bureaucracy in releasing scrap vehicles for recycling, the lack of articulation between government actors, the lack of an industrial policy aligned with the National Policy on Solid Waste and the exemption of liability of the automobile industry in all the reverse flow presented, are among the main limiting factors of the diagnosis obtained in the State of Minas Gerais.