Avaliação dos fatores de restrição retrovirais e do receptor de lentivírus equino tipo 1 em macrófagos de jumentos e de cavalos infectados com o Vírus da Anemia Infecciosa Equina (EIAV)

Abstract

Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a viral disease that affects all members of the Equidae family. Despite this, donkeys, when infected, are able to suppress clinical signs and keep the viral titer below the threshold of causing disease throughout the entire period of infection. Factors associated with the humoral and cellular immune response may be involved in this different issue found in donkeys infected with the Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), including retroviral restriction factors (RRFs), interferon-inducible proteins that limit some stage of the viral replication cycle and the differentiated expression of the equine lentivirus receptor type I (ELR1) which is associated with virus entry into the target cell. In this sense, this work proposed to analyze the expression of the RRFs APOBEC3, ADAR1, RSAD2, SAMHD1, Mx2, BST2, SERINC and TRIM5α, as well as to compare the expression of ELR1 in its functional form and the presence of soluble isoforms in mononuclear cells of horses and donkeys infected with EIAV, in vitro. For this, whole blood from 3 horses and 3 donkeys were subjected to isolation and culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), followed by infection with the pathogenic strain EIAVWyo. Our results demonstrated that ADAR1 is more expressed in horses, as well as Mx2. The RRFs A3Z3, TRIM5α and SERINC are more expressed in donkey macrophages when compared to horses. With regard to ELR-1, it was observed that macrophages from donkeys and horses equally express the receptor over time, however the soluble receptor isoform (sELR1) is initially more expressed in macrophages derived from monocytes (MDM) from donkeys. Thus, we suggest that the differentiated expression of RRFs and sELR1 in MDM of donkeys when compared to horses, may be associated with the strict control of EIAV replication in this species.