Aspectos operacionais e de custos para a implantação de práticas e tecnologias sustentáveis em edificações residenciais unifamiliares : um estudo de caso na cidade de Belo Horizonte/MG

Abstract

In recent decades, environmental issues and challenges are increasingly on the agenda, especially in relation to adverse socio-environmental impacts caused by anthropic activities and insecurities about future scenarios. When learning about the fact that everyday issues have also killed the environment, a portion of the population seeks changes in their lifestyle. As they spend most of their day at home, this is where a person/family can put great pressure on the environment. From water and energy consumption for daily activities, food demand, generation of solid waste and sanitary effluents, these actions can cause adverse environmental impacts, if poorly managed, depending on the demands that a family has and that are met by services provided. by city hall and other public services. In this broad context, the objective of this work was to analyze operational and cost aspects for the implementation of residential practices and technologies in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, considering houses already built. In this study, an analysis was also made of the applicability of previously standardized models to estimate water and energy consumption and solid waste generation based on per capita population income, correlating the data obtained by the models with the current data made available by the responsible organizations. for managing each of these services. These data were also used for the predimensioning and costing of systems: solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, rainwater harvesting and green roofs. It was possible to verify that the analyzed models did not currently obtain high values when estimating generation and total consumption for the population of the municipality of Belo Horizonte, presenting relative errors in the order of 47%, 80% and 41%. Thus, it is recommended the need to perform recalibrations in the models for their use. It could be seen, however, that the per capita estimate of water consumption and solid waste generation presented values close to those registered by the responsible organizations in all social classes evaluated. By surveying the average costs for installing the technologies Rainwater Harvesting, Solar Thermal System, Solar Photovoltaic System, Green Roof and Solid Waste Management, it was possible to verify that they have different acquisition costs, in a range ranging from R$ 49 .90 to R$ 129.608,00. In terms of economic viability, among the evaluated solutions, only one type of reservoir, in the case of a household that does not pay the social cost of water, and the implementation of a photovoltaic solar system by Supplier 3 proved to be good investments in terms of payback period. In the Payback, IRR and NPV analysis, the other technologies were not satisfactory.Thus, for families belonging to classes with lower income, the difficulty of implementing these technologies is greater. This is due to the fact that income is converted into essential expenses. As for families with higher incomes, the possibility of its use is greater, considering their greater purchasing power.