Residir em área urbana ou rural e fatores sociodemográficos associados aos distúrbios do sono em crianças de 3 a 5 anos

Abstract

Sleep disorders (SD) designate a set of different conditions capable of affecting people who, even after a night's sleep, may not be able to rest and this can affect their health. SD may be present in children. This study sought to identify the prevalence of SD among children aged three to five years old living in the city of Belo Vale, Minas Gerais and its association with area of residence, sociodemographic factors, birth weight and gestation period. Parents/guardians of 3 to 5 years old children from urban and rural areas of Belo Vale, in southeastern Brazil, participated in this cross-sectional study. Parents answered sociodemographic questions about the family and child (sex, age, income, education), questions about the child's pregnancy and delivery, and the Brazilian version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Descriptive analyses were conducted, as were the Mann-Whitney test and the Poisson regression test with robust variance (p<0.05). This study included 154 parents/guardians, 77.3% of whom were rural area residents; most of the children were girls (53.2%) and not-white (57.1%). SDs were identified in 48% of the children, with an average of 41.9 points (±12.8) in the SSDC, and sleep-related breathing disorders were most prevalent (15.1%). Children from the urban area presented higher scores of initiation and maintenance of sleep disorders (p=0.009) and sleep hyperhidrosis (p=0.045). Non-white children showed higher scores in the initiation and maintenance of sleep disorders (p=0.021) and in sleep-wake transition disorders (p=0.003). Preterm children showed higher scores for sleep hyperhidrosis disorder (p=0.020). In the adjusted regression analysis, children from the urban area (PR=1.169; 95% CI=1.043–1.310), not-white (PR=1.197; 95% CI=1.096–1.307) and born preterm (PR=1.117; 95% CI=1.016–1.228) presented more total scores in the SSDC. It was concluded that higher SD scores were more prevalent among children living in urban areas, with non-white skin color and with low birth weight.