Produção do cuidado e integralidade à saúde: perspectivas a partir do Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves

Abstract

From the perspective of thinking of new arrangements that provide significant changes in the management of the clinic and in the network articulation, the hospital can be constituted beyond a caregiving station, in an observatory of the network, capable of integrating and enhancing care in the territory. In this context, this thesis sought to analyze the production of care within the hospital and the devices used to guarantee comprehensive care, the discharge process and the continuity of care from the perspective of the social subjects that constitute it. This is a qualitative study, of the type research interference in health. The interference research seeks to capture the effects produced in the field of study from the interferences of and with the researcher, capturing the connections and perceived noises, problematizing the institutional and personal discourse, and producing multiple meanings that go beyond the certainties of hegemonic science. The study scenario was the Risoleta Tolentino Neves Hospital (HRTN), a 420-bed general hospital, a reference for the northern portion of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte/MG, with 100% SUS care. The research was defined in four phases, namely: Integrative review on continuity of care and integrality of care, identifying devices and strategies used for this construction from the hospital (phase 1); Analysis of the care profile of the patients seen HRTN, from the analysis of the data of the DRG - Related Diagnosis Groups (phase 2); Analysis of the production of care, of the interprofessional relations within the hospital and of the existing institutional devices for the qualification of care (phase 3); Analysis of access and barriers in the Health Care Network in the dehospitalization process from guide services (phase 4). The investigation that originated this thesis had its fieldwork developed in the period from September 2019 to June 2022, a period in which several interferences were carried out with the actors of the field under study. Data production was performed through different techniques: individual interviews with semi-structured scripts, focus groups, observation and recording in the researcher's field diary. The first moment of the study consisted of immersion in the institution to understand the reality and local context. Subsequently, thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted, conducted by the main researcher, with managers and coordinators of the hospital. Two focus groups were also carried out, in different shifts, with the hospital workers, about 22 professionals participated, among them physiotherapists, nurses, nursing technicians, doctors, social workers, psychologists, speech therapists, nutritionists, pharmacists, administrative assistant and radiologist. The entire data analysis process followed the thematic content analysis technique. To discuss the data, we used the theoretical references of integrality and production of care, and the studies found in the integrative review, carried out as the first phase of the investigation, in addition to works by reference authors and relevant to this study incorporated throughout the investigation. The literature review identified in-hospital devices, presupposing organizational and relational practices to achieve comprehensive care in Brazilian hospitals and in other countries. The empirical data of this investigation evidenced devices that contribute to the construction of new practices of management and care and restructuring of work, such as the Lean in Emergencies project and Fast Track, Kanban and Huddle tools; the Internal Regulatory Center (NIR); the performance of hospitalist physicians, co-managers and coordinators on duty; the performance of the home care team within the hospital discussing the cases for dehospitalization; and the devices for interdisciplinary management, such as multidisciplinary bed runs, case discussions, shared construction of therapeutic projects, preparation of family caregivers and responsible referrals to the network of Belo Horizonte and neighboring municipalities. In addition, it was possible to observe advances and challenges in relation to the continuity of care in the network, such as the articulation in the territory so that this patient is well assisted, from access to transportation to the guarantee of supplies and medications for the continuity of treatment after discharge. However, challenges are still observed, such as the continuity of care for chronic patients and the transfer of more complex cases that cannot guarantee continuity of care. The experiences pointed to the micropolitics of the work of the health teams that in their modes of care production advance towards the incorporation of the concept of integrality in the lines of care. Professionals understand that care is not restricted to their action and that both professionals and patients are responsible for care. It is recommended that hospital institutions designate a professional to coordinate the process of hospital discharge of the patient, promoting advocacy for the patient. In addition to encouraging the promotion of shared therapeutic plans with interdisciplinary teams, with new care technologies, and a more shared management. Finally, it was identified that the hospital as an observatory of the network requires, in a cooperative manner with the other services, the commitment to the needs of the users, facing the tensions that exist in the micropolitical field, so that the integrality of care is present in the logic of care.