Entre a aldeia : diálogos acerca do estado da arte, do poder e dos artifícios ficcionais entre as obras de Graciliano Ramos e de Liev Tolstói.

Abstract

On the eve of his death, in conversation with his son Ricardo, Graciliano Ramos responds “[...] to a question about which of the two he preferred, Tolstoy or Dostoyevsky (the reporter undoubtedly imagined it to be the second), he replied: 'Tolstoy . But Tolstoy I don't just consider the greatest of Russians: he is the greatest of mankind. (RAMOS, 1992, p. 115). In addition to the relationship of admiration established between the Russian writer and his illustrious admirer, the fictional devices with which Leo Tolstoy and Graciliano Ramos elaborate the hardships suffered by the migrant, muzhik or worker reveal a similarity between the works of both writers. Based on such similarities, this thesis sought to investigate the dialogue about the similarities and differences between the works of these two authors based on the visions of art, literature, power, oppression, thematic constants and literary devices common to their works. fiction and criticism. This work was not guided by a single common point or theme in the productions of the two writers, aiming at a dialogue between all the general and specific aspects that could be interpreted as ties that interconnected productions such as: War and Peace; Anna Karenina; Hadji Murat; Resurrection; Childhood, Adolescence and Youth; The Cossacks, Sonata a Kreutzer; stories like Polikuchka, The Morning of a Landlord and Kholstomier: The Story of a Horse; What is art? (1897); The last days. (2009); To workers and other writings. (2015); Anguish; St Bernard; Dried lives; Childhood, Travel; Crooked Lines and Insomnia. This thesis also aimed to discuss the relations of similarity and difference between the thought and conceptions about art and literature by Leo Tolstói and Graciliano Ramos, taking into account the relations between truth, honesty, literary fiction, mimesis and representation based on the propositions of theorists Ernst Gombrich, Wolfgang Iser, Luiz Costa Lima and Paul Ricoeur. The study of the connection between the autobiographical facts and the fictional work used in the construction of the works was based on productions of the critical fortune of the authors, as in the texts of Rosamund Bartlett, Pável Bassínski, Antonio Candido, Wander de Mello Miranda, Luís Bueno, Claudia Campos Soares, Thiago Mio Salla, Bruno Barreto Gomide and Gustavo Silveira Ribeiro. The similarities and differences between aspects of the Realist movement in Russia and the Modernism of the 1930s and the Romance of the 1930s in Brazil were also addressed. This thesis also focused on exploring how both authors worked on social-political criticism and the fictional re-elaboration of a world divided between dominated and dominating in the light of discussions by theorists Giorgio Agamben and Walter Benjamin. Furthermore, this work proposed to study the fictional treatment of regional and human aspects that tend to universalize the works of both writers.