Caracterização molecular, análise filogenética e suscetibilidade antifúngica de isolados desporothrix brasiliensis de origem canina e relatos de transmissão Zoonótica em minas gerais

Abstract

Sporotrichosis is a neglected zoonosis with worldwide distribution, which affects the skin and mucous membranes and can evolve into a systemic form. The disease is caused by saprobic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Mycosis affects animal and human species, being a zoonosis of great importance for unique health. Sporotrichosis is widespread throughout the country, with most cases concentrated in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. An increase in cases of animal sporotrichosis has been described in Minas Gerais. In Belo Horizonte, more precisely in the Barreiro region, an outbreak of cases in felines and humans began in 2015. Since then, an increase in cases of canines has been observed. This study carried out the molecular identification of 15 isolated canines from Belo Horizonte and metropolitan region, the phylogenetic analysis of these isolates, targeting the Calmodulin gene (CAL) and Translation Elongation Factor 1 Alpha (EF1α), as well as evaluating the antifungal susceptibility profile through the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for Itraconazole and Amphotericin B of the canine isolates. All isolates analyzed are of the Sporothrix brasiliensis species, one of which is resistant to itraconazole and the other to amphotericin B. Phylogenetic analyses showed two phylogenetic trees, with the formation of a large monophyletic clade for S. brasiliensis for both analyzed genes. In addition, the haplotype networks formed brought new molecular data on canine sporotrichosis, such as the hypothesis that there is no structure per host, reinforcing the aspect of clonal expansion of S. brasiliensis and also the fact that the same species of fungus circulates between dogs and cats. The study also describes two cases of human sporotrichosis that prove zoonotic transmission involving dogs, one from the bite and the other from contact with lesions. Thus, the dissertation data demonstrated that the dog, which was previously seen as an accidental host, assumes a new role in the epidemiological cycle of sporotrichosis. Furthermore, the study is a pioneer in presenting new data on the disease, exclusively in dogs from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais.