Acidentes de trabalho: análise epidemiológica dos casos e óbitos notificados em Minas Gerais, entre 2010 e 2019

Abstract

Work accidents in Brazil are injuries that, due to their significant impact on the population's morbidity and mortality, are an important public health problem, being a priority object of the actions of the Unified Health System. The general objective consisted of analyzing the profile of cases and deaths , reported as work accidents, in Minas Gerais from 2010 to 2019. Methodologically, it was a descriptive cross-sectional study, based on the analysis of secondary data from work accident records from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and death certificates due to work accidents (Mortality Information System – SIM). Annual incidences and prevalences, 95% confidence intervals and spatial analysis were calculated using thematic maps, using SPSS version 19.0 software. Results: The highest incidences occurred in 2018 and 2019 (1.4 and 1.39, per 1,000 workers, respectively). The highest mortality rate from TA was in 2019 (0.07 per 1000 workers). Regarding the prevalence of TA: according to the Regional Health Unit (URS), Pirapora and Uberaba stood out (23.9 and 22.6 per 1000 workers, respectively), by area covered by the Reference Center for Occupational Health (CEREST ) Poços de Caldas, Betim, Uberaba and Araxá stood out (27.5, 24.5, 22.3 and 20.2 per 1000 workers, respectively). The mortality rate due to AT: according to URS, Uberaba and Governador Valadares stood out (1.1 and 1.0 per 1000 workers, respectively), while in relation to CERESTs they were Araxá, Betim, Governador Valadares and Uberaba (1.7, 1.4, 1 and 0.9 per 1000 workers, respectively). In the municipal analysis, Brumadinho stands out with a mortality rate of 15.5 per 1000 workers. Regarding the sociodemographic profile, cases and deaths predominated in males, aged between 18 and 39 years. Black people represented 52.8% (SINAN) and 54.5% (SIM) of cases. In relation to Education, 36.2% had incomplete primary education (SINAN) and 38.9% completed secondary education (SIM). Education presented a significant percentage of ignored data in both information systems (35.2% and 31%), as well as ethnic-racial classification (30.8% in SINAN and 1.6% in SIM). In SINAN, typical accidents predominated (79.3%), with affected limbs (upper 47.5% and lower 25.8%). They mostly occurred at the contractor's facilities (53.3%), among workers registered with a CLT (67.7%). Regarding evolution, temporary disability was the most frequent (69.8%) and death due to TA represented 4.3%. In 57% of cases, a Work Accident Report (CAT) was issued. The occupations were most frequent in SINAN and SIM, respectively: Workers in the extractive industry and civil construction (17.8% and 17.6%), services (13.7% and 7.6%), agricultural exploration ( 12.1% and 10.2%) and transversal functions (9.8% and 29.6%). As for the cause of the accident and the underlying cause of death, the ICD-10 range: W20- W49 - Exposure to inanimate mechanical forces (31.3%) was more frequent in SINAN. In SIM it was V40-V49 Occupant of a car injured in a transport accident (14.5%). With a concentration in both systems, from transport accidents -V01 to V99, SINAN (19.5%) and SIM (53.1%) of cases. It was found that data on AT are diffuse across several systems. However, there is still no link between the cases, which contributes to undersizing, complicates the process of investigating TAs and compromises the elucidation of the real magnitude of morbidity and mortality estimates related to the occurrence of TAs. As a technical product, a report was prepared with the general characterization of the TA epidemiological scenario in the state of Minas Gerais and with recommendations addressed to municipal managers and the State Health Department of Minas Gerais and the General Coordination of Workers' Health of the Ministry of Health.