Sistema de reserva de vagas para afro-descendentes no ensino superior : uma análise na Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros/MG

Abstract

The vacancies reservation system, especially the quotas designed ethno-racial groups, is one of the best known Affirmative Action modalities today and has generated focus of several debates among scholars. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the booking system of vacancies and its effects on the daily lives of african descent students of the State University of Montes Claros / MG, searching through those who entered this university through through this system, foster the challenges faced by these students in the academic space, while pointing out the guidelines and actions taken by the competent bodies of the institution in relation to this system. This research is justified by the attempt to understand the need for inclusion of historically discriminated groups in the upper Brazilian public education, realizing the need for a study to verify the objectivity and effectiveness of this system in the contemporary scenario. Thus, this study was guided in literature, qualitative and quantitative interpretation, application of semi-structured interviews and use of dialectical historical materialism as a method of approach. In this study, we discuss the adoption of the terms race, color and ethnicity in the context of sociological studies in Brazil and interpretations of race relations in the Brazilian context from the slavery period until the period of post-abolition. We analyzed also quantitative data and constitutive aspects of the socio-educational situation of blacks and african descent in the Brazilian reality, in order to understand how racial discrimination is present in the daily lives of ethnic and racial groups, as well as some initiatives by the Brazilian state to address this situation of social and racial inequality. The main arguments that position themselves now in favor of a more particularized perspective of inequalities based on ethnic-racial court, notably the african descent, and / or sometimes leaning toward a universalistic and comprehensive vision, which favors more the class aspect as is the case of poor students, also part of this work. The life experiences of these students from their entry into university, its position on this system, reflected in the daily lives of students from entering university through this system, trying to identify the remaining strategies in the university space also constituted as relevant points of analysis in this study. Through the study it was revealed that parts of the students feel certain aversion to the racial quota system and the treatment offered to him, as to contemplate the historically disadvantaged individuals, valuing the merits, the defense of universal actions, discussing justice contained or not the applicability of the measure. In addition, the students now consider good coexistence with other social groups, and enriching and productive, now show that the processes of social exclusion of the black segment and the effects of prejudice and discrimination are still present in this scenario. It is therefore necessary that the debate on this subject is inserted more broadly within the institution, so that it can contribute to the deconstruction of stereotypes and prejudices, as well as creating mechanisms that measure the performance of students benefited, the difficulties faced and reflections of this system in their daily lives.