Cicatrização e prognóstico no longo prazo de fraturas radiculares transversais pós-traumáticas: estudo clínico longitudinal

Abstract

Root fractures are complex traumatic dental injuries (TDI) affecting dentin, cementum, pulp and supporting tissues, generally associated to concurrent injuries to the coronal fragment. They are uncommon injuries with reported frequencies varying between 1.2% and 7% of all TDI in permanent teeth, being more frequent in teeth with complete root development. In the present study we retrospectively evaluated data from 87 patients with104 root-fractured permanent teeth treated at the Dental Trauma Clinic from the Federal University of Minas Gerais, during the period from 1995 to 2022. Clinical dan radiographic data was collected from patient’s records to establish healing patterns in the fracture line, following the criteria established by Andreasen & Hjorting-Hansen (1967), at two moments: in the initial period after the trauma and at the end of the follow-up period. A competing risk survival analysis was performed to estimate rates of healing events in the early period after trauma as well as the effect of demographic, clinical, and treatment-related variables. The results showed a rate of 51.9% of healing in the short term, diagnosed in a maximum median period of 5 months after trauma. Non-healing with interposition of granulation tissue at the fracture line was strongly influenced by the presence and type of concomitant lesion in the coronal fragment. Teeth with associated enamel -dentin fractures (sHR 24.38, 95% CI [3.16 - 188.3], p = 0.0022), luxations with dislocations (sHR 10.58, 95% CI [1.37 - 81.9], p = 0.0240) and subluxations (HR 9.66, 95% CI [1.14 - 81.7], p = 0.0370) had the highest rates of non-healing of root fractures in the short term. The long-term healing rate was 70.1%, most of them with interposition of bone and connective tissue. Kappa statistics demonstrated an overall agreement of 67.1% between short and long-term healing patterns, in special HT and CT+ Bone modalities.