Saúde mental da população LGBT no SUS : problematizações a partir da experiência do Centro de Referência em Saúde Mental (CERSAM) - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

Abstract

This paper aims to understand how the lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) population, especially, is understood, welcomed and accompanied by professionals who make up the multidisciplinary team within the Psychosocial Care Network, specifically in the Reference Centers for Mental Health (CERSAM) in Belo Horizonte, with a methodological focus on CERSAM Pampulha. It starts from a perspective of historical analysis of how the control of bodies has been legitimized by hegemonic science over the years, with a specific focus on LGBT people regarding stigmatization and pathologization through the debate of Mental Health. The research combines the analysis of the hegemonic medical-scientific work, the recognition of the existence of marginalized bodies and social behaviors, and the impacts of the Psychiatric Reform with the consequent changes in paradigms regarding the pathologization of historically marginalized, criminalized and incarcerated populations. Inserted in its historical becoming, it highlights the various ways in which pathologization and criminalization were combined to produce the linking of stigmatized social patterns to LGBT people, such as pederasty, bohemianism, among others. The study seeks through the field to understand which is the permeability and the reality of the execution of the laws and guidelines concerning the care to the LGBT population in the Psychosocial Care Network and the Unified Health System (SUS) regarding Mental Health, from the way professionals of such services work with these issues in the daily routine of CERSAM. It expands on the pathologizing tools aimed directly at LGB people in terms of sexuality, evaluating the history of institutional and biomedical disputes, such as the projects and debates around the so-called "Gay Cure" that became paradigmatic situations, to then confront them with the follow-up policy applied today by CERSAM, which can be characterized as a counterposition to such projects and debates, in terms of pathologization. Another dimension of the work seeks to evaluate the relationship between public policy and its applicability in terms of institutional limits, such as generalization, political and financial issues for its execution, as well as values and issues directly linked to professionals at the base of care and in the daily life of the services. It is possible to understand today a different way of welcoming such people, especially regarding the teams and legislations regulated by the SUS and the way of understanding sexuality as an important part of the formation of the social being, not subject to cure.