Violência doméstica na pandemia de COVID-19 e políticas públicas de enfrentamento

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the impacts generated by the pandemic, caused by Covid-19, in relation to the risks that increase violence against women in Minas Gerais. It is a longitudinal study, quantitative and aggregated ecological type, using secondary data on domestic and family violence against women from December 2018 to May 2021, obtained from the State Secretariat of Justice and Public Security. The methodology used the distribution of notifications by municipalities in Minas Gerais over the months, so that the prevalence was estimated, and spatial scan statistics were applied to detect hotspots (spatial clusters). The statistical software used was the R computational environment (version 4.1.2). The results indicated, among others, that the pandemic may have affected the prevalence of violence against women, with a lower prevalence observed mainly in localities with a population of up to 10,000 inhabitants, possibly due to the lesser impact suffered by the surveillance and social networks that make up the primary, collaborative, and horizontal network in these smaller municipalities. Furthermore, a reduction in the violence rate during the emergency period, per 100,000 inhabitants, was observed in all population sizes of the municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, possibly because of the relationship with risk factors that exacerbate violence against women during the pandemic period. However, from Jun. 20 to Nov. 20, regardless of the city size, in line with the global pattern of a U-shaped curve regarding various crimes, there was a resurgence in the growth of the domestic and family violence rate against women, suggesting a possible reduction in underreporting of these assaults as services were being restored, complemented by legislative innovations and the implementation of public policies aimed at supporting and assisting victims. The results showed a change in the spatial distribution of clusters from one year to another. In 2019, the clusters of high violence were mainly located in the Vale do Rio Doce region and the southern region of the state, while the clusters of low violence were concentrated in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte and the North of Minas Gerais. In 2020, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the clusters of high violence migrated to the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba regions, while the clusters of low violence remained in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte and the North of Minas Gerais. Finally, it emphasized the relevance of the role played by the network of assistance to women in situations of violence in the defense of fundamental and non-negotiable human rights, particularly in the emergency context of the pandemic.