A fundamentação dos juízos de gosto sobre a beleza na Crítica da Faculdade de Julgar de Immanuel Kant : uma tentativa de conciliação argumentativa

Abstract

This dissertation aims to conduct a logical-argumentative investigation of the foundation of the judgment of taste regarding the beautiful as presented in the first part of Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgment. Initially, a brief study is introduced regarding the role played by the third Critique within Kant's critical project, also relating it to two smaller writings. Subsequently, the Kantian argumentation contained in the constituent paragraphs of the Analytic of the Beautiful is examined, simultaneously organizing the arrangement of the arguments. To do so, the foundation of judgments of taste concerning the beautiful is divided into three main lines: the transcendental argument, the universal voice, and the assumption of an aesthetic common sense. Then, it is identified that throughout Kant's provided foundation, a type of mixture of argument incidence planes is manifested: the transcendental plane (a priori) and the empirical-social plane (a posteriori). Having identified the problem, an attempt is made to reconcile argumentatively between these domains of argumentation. Finally, considering the polysemy and relevance of the concept of common sense used by Kant, a chapter is allocated to exploring possible meanings for this expression within the author's argumentative context. The research results indicate that, despite an alternation in argumentative planes, the theory of aesthetic judgments elaborated by the German philosopher manages to sustain itself in its transcendental foundation.