Tratamento de efluentes de uma suinocultura localizada no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

The main characteristic of the pig farming activity is a high generation of liquid effluents that need to go through a treatment process to meet the legal standards for discharge into water bodies and/or final disposal in the soil. Thus, the objective was to verify the efficiency of the treatment of a pig farm located in the Midwest region of Minas Gerais, in accordance with applicable legislation. The project has 1600 matrices, a complete cycle system. The treatment system consists of a solid separator, a homogenization tank, two biodigesters and two anaerobic lagoons, and finally, crop fertigation. Input and output analyzes were compared containing the physical and chemical variables of the tributary of the ARS – Residual Waters of Swine Culture. For this purpose, the variables of BOD, COD, pH, total phosphorus, sedimentable solids, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total zinc, total potassium, sodium, total copper were analyzed in four campaigns from July 2019 to November 2020. Process monitoring was carried out through simple sample collections for physical, chemical and bacteriological analyses. The analyzed project, through its liquid effluent treatment system composed of biodigesters, anaerobic lagoons, proved to be efficient in the global removal of organic load, nutrients and other parameters. However, due to the SST parameter being above the limit allowed by legislation, it is highlighted that the need to carry out post-treatment is essential for the enterprise to maintain fertigation in agricultural areas, thus avoiding contamination of receiving bodies and non-compliance with legal standards.