Violências por sexualidade e gênero, intersecções e complexidades que transbordam as normativas estatais

Abstract

In this research, I focus on the perceptions and experiences of cis/trans women and non-binary people who deviate from hegemonic standards of sexuality and the actions of the state and justice in situations of violence based on gender and sexuality. Thinking about the multiple and constant dynamics of power and, in a broad sense, the relationships between institutions and society, the research investigations are outlined based on the question: How is it perceived, from the point of view of cis/trans women and non-binary people who do they escape hegemonic standards of sexuality, the effectiveness of the Brazilian state and its institutionalized policies to combat violence against women and LBTQIAP+phobia? To this end, I also understand the relevance of pointing out: What is the definition/view of violence according to this group and according to current legislation in Brazil, especially regarding violence based on sexuality and gender? And, analyzing the current theoretical and legal frameworks for combating violence and discrimination based on sexuality and gender, what are the potential, limits and gaps between these and the perceptions and experiences of these people in the country? The objective is to record and analyze the perceptions and experiences of cis/trans and non-binary women who deviate from hegemonic standards of sexuality regarding intersectional violence, observing the multiple relationships between Brazilian legislation and the experiences and perceptions of this group in order to reflect the potential, conflicts and limits of the institutional fight against this form of complex violence. The method adopted to solve the proposed problems, in addition to bibliographical reflection, was to carry out 21 online snowball interviews. These underwent transcription and content analysis using the Atlas.ti qualitative data analysis software. The work is divided into four main chapters, as well as an introduction and final conclusions. I begin by reflecting on the methodological steps of the 21 interviews conducted and the content analysis developed on them. Next, I present a theoretical debate on sexual orientation and gender identities/expressions, and the production of women in modern societies, building and ending with the analysis of the interviews in terms of looking at the complexity of the identities and sexualities of the people interviewed. The following session deals with issues of power and violence in their multiple relationships with the State and modern coloniality, ending with the analysis of the interviewees' perceptions and experiences of violence based on sexuality and gender in their intersections. Finally, the issue of the state and justice is addressed, the paradox of the actions of institutions that, in the process of conducting conduct, reiterate intersectional violence and, simultaneously, have the potential for social protection. Legislative, executive and judicial acts are surveyed and analyzed so that, in the end, the intersections between the lives of the interviewees and the theories analyzed, their perceptions of institutions and expectations are raised. The conclusions indicate possible paths for subsequent research and the challenges of looking at violence in an intersectional way, reflecting gender and sexuality, in their intertwined relationship with issues of class and race.