Influência da música preferida na amplitude de movimento dos membros inferiores e tronco durante uma corrida em esteira: uma análise cinemática tridimensional

Abstract

Introduction: Incorporating music into physical exercise routines, including running, is quite common. Literature highlights the potential of this resource to optimize performance and reduce the perception of effort. Therefore, it is possible that music may also mitigate the effects of physical fatigue on angular kinematic variables during running. Objective: This study conducted a three-dimensional analysis of treadmill runners and investigated the effects of preferred, slow, and fast music on the kinematic variables of the lower limbs and trunk in their degrees of freedom. Method: Sixteen volunteers, eight men and eight women, who practice street running participated voluntarily in the research. Thirty markers were attached to reference points on the participants' trunk and lower limbs. The protocol consisted of 30 minutes of running at 10 km/h under three conditions: without music (NM), with slow music (SM), and with fast music (FM). Fifteen optoelectronic cameras (240Hz) positioned around the treadmill tracked the 3D coordinates of the markers using Motive® software, allowing the modeling of trunk and lower limb segments in Visual3D® software. Stride cycles were determined for the analysis of stride length, support and swing time, and range of motion (ROM) of the trunk, hip, knee, and ankle. Additionally, heart rate and perceived exertion (RPE) were measured throughout the protocol. Data were analyzed based on the averages of three 10- minute blocks of the protocol: start (Start), middle (Middle), and end (End). Data normality and sphericity assumptions were tested using Shapiro-Wilk and Mauchly tests. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA tested the interaction between the factors of time (Start, Middle, and End) and music (NM, SM, and FM), and the factors in isolation. Multiple comparisons were analyzed using Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Results: The tests revealed a significant effect for the music factor only for the RPE variable, which was higher for the no music condition compared to running with fast music (NM=13.06; FM=12.21; p=0.05). On the other hand, the time factor had an effect on some variables. The trunk ROM in the sagittal plane was greater at the end of the protocol compared to the start (Start=12.92°; End=13.60°; p=0.006). Similarly, this was observed for the left knee (Start=82.61°; End=83.91°; p=0.05) and the right ankle (Start=35.64°; End=36.45°; p=0.049). For the left ankle, the mean at the end was also higher compared to the middle in the sagittal plane (Start=36.74°; Middle=37.42°; End=37.95°; p<0.05). RPE also showed a significant effect over time, with means being higher at the end compared to the middle and start of the protocol (Start=11.06; Middle=12.77; End=13.81; p<0.05), as expected. Although participants felt more fatigued at the end of the protocol, their mean RPE suggested they perceived the run as being of moderate intensity. Conclusion: There is insufficient statistical evidence to state that preferred music, whether slow or fast, allowed the maintenance of ROM values at the end of the protocol, as this also occurred for the NM condition. The two preferred music conditions did not show superior stride length values compared to NM. The support and swing time were also the same for the three conditions at the end of the protocol. Finally, preferred music, whether slow or fast, did not result in lower heart rate values at the end of the moderate running protocol compared to the NM condition. While NM showed higher RPE values compared to FM, it did not when compared to SM. There was also no difference in RPE between the SM and FM conditions. Further investigation is needed under an exhaustive running protocol.