Estudos de própolis em odontologia: ensaio clínico randomizado sobre o efeito da suplementação com própolis coadjuvante à terapia periodontal não cirúrgica em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e revisão bibliométrica sobre o uso de própolis na odontologia

Abstract

Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are related and prevalent diseases. The search for coadjuvant therapies aims for better results. Green propolis (GP) has been discussed as a possibility due to its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that justify its application in various pathologies in dentistry. This study presents two investigation proposals: 1) Randomized clinical trial (RCT) evaluating the adjuvant therapy with GP in the non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in individuals with T2DM; 2) Bibliometric review (BR) mapping the dental literature concerning the 100 most cited papers about the use of propolis in dentistry. The RCT included 22 individuals with T2DM and periodontitis stages II and III, randomized in two groups: test and control. Sociodemographical and periodontal data were collected. C-reactive protein (CRP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose were measured. All the subjects underwent NSPT. Individuals in the test group received supplementation with green propolis during 60 days after NSPT and the control group received placebo. Both groups were evaluated after 60 and 90 days. The sample was balanced for the paramethers sociodemographic, laboratorial and for bleeding on probing (BoP) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Both groups showed a significant improvement in BoP (p<0.05), probing pocket depth (p<0.01) (PPD) and CAL level (p<0.05) after the NSPT. There were no significant differences for the same parameters between the groups. The laboratorial parameters did not show statistically significant difference intragroup or intergroup. For this sample, the use of the adjuvant treatment with GP compared to placebo did not show significant differences. The BR analyzed the use and application of propolis in the different specialties within dentistry. The search was performed in Web of Science and a crossmatch of the number of citations (NC) was performed in Scopus and Google Scholar. The papers were evaluated for author, institutions, region, age, study design, journal, keywords and altmetrics. The NC in the Web of Science showed a strong positive correlation with the NC in the Google Scholar (0.890;p<0.001) and Scopus (0.963;p<0.001). The papers were published between 1990 and 2021. The most recent paper had the greatest density of citations. Ten specialties were identified among the included papers. The specialty with the greatest number of papers (NP) was periodontology, and the subject with the greatest NC was cariology. Brazil was the most producing country and the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) led the ranking in NC, reaching a tie with Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) in NP. Fifty-five journals were identified and only 10 had NP>3. Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) was zero in 62 papers. There was no correlation between NC and AAS (p=0.446). The interest about propolis in dentistry is widespread around the world, and increases gradually.