Secretoma no tratamento de lesão dermonecrótica induzida pelo veneno de Loxosceles intermedia

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the effects of the secretome, in dermonecrotic wounds in rabbits subjected to injection of Loxosceles intermedia. Sixteen male, adult, New Zealand rabbits, with a mean weight of 2.0 kg, were distributed in four groups (n=4). Except for the control group (group I), which was subjected only to the application of secretome (60μg of secretome diluted in 0.5% phosphate-saline buffer), all other groups were subjected to the administration of 10μg of L. intermedia venom, diluted in 0.9% NaCl, via intradermal (ID) in the interscapular region and, treated 30 minutes after the venom injection, as follows: group II (NaCl 0.9%, via ID); Group III (60μg of secretome diluted in 0.5% phosphate-saline buffer, via ID) and, group IV (60μg of secretome diluted in 0.5% phosphate-saline buffer intravenous - IV). Animals were evaluated daily and photographic records were taken at a predefined height of 30 cm for later analysis of the evolution of the wound area by morphometry. Blood samples were collected immediately before venom application (time 0) and 3, 9 and 15 days after, for evaluation and monitoring of hematological and serum and plasma biochemical parameters. After 15 days, the animals were euthanized, submitted to necropsy, and skin samples around the lesion were collected for subsequent histological analysis. The results showed that the animals in GI did not have edema, erythema, hemorrhagic halo or necrosis. On the first day of venom injection, after secretome treatments, the animals in GIII and GIV showed a more significant degree of edema, when compared to the animals in GII. However, on the 15th day of evaluation, the edema was lower in the animals of GIII and GIV, and conversely, higher in GI. Erythema was observed in the groups that received L. intermedia venom (GII, GIII and GIV), and comparatively, on day 1st, groups II and III were similar to each other, and different from GIV which showed smaller erythema diameter (p<0.05). The hemorrhagic halo was not observed in GI and in the animals that received venom (GII, GIII, and GIV), at times 1 and 3, there was no difference (p>0.05). It should be noted that on the 9th day, only in the animals of GIV, there was still a hemorrhagic halo. However, macroscopically, in GIV, only one animal showed evolution to a dermonecrotic wound. In the microscopic evaluation, no changes were observed in the skin of animals of GI, however, although all animals that were challenged with the venom presented very similar changes, such as necrosis and heterophilic infiltration, in GIV, the animals showed fibroblastic activation, early development of connective tissue, neovascularization, and tissue reepithelialization, conferring a proven effective alternative in relation to the healing process. Regarding hematology, there was no noteworthy change, and in biochemistry serum profile, there was only an increase in CK concentration at time 3, in groups GIII and GIV, and a subsequent reduction from day 9. These same groups also showed an increase in LDH and urea, but the values remained within the physiological parameters for the leporine species. It is concluded that secretome therapy can be used in dermonecrotic wound healing in loxoscelism.