Estudo retrospectivo da utilização de retalhos cutâneos em cirurgias oncológicas em cães

Abstract

Reconstructive surgery is widely used in Veterinary Oncology in order to allow tension-free closure after excision of large neoformations or in locations with tissue limitations, thus preventing wound dehiscence and optimizing patient recovery. Prior surgical planning is, however, essential to minimize complications in the postoperative period. The present study aimed to identify patients undergoing oncological treatment through reconstructive techniques between 2017 and 2022 at the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary School of UFMG, in addition to verifying the surgical margins and complications observed in the postoperative period. For that, 22 dogs were evaluated. The result was considered excellent in 18% (6/22) of the cases; good in 72% of the animals (17/22) with the development of one or more complications, but without the need for surgical reintervention, while 10% (1/22) presented a reasonable result, with the need for surgical reintervention and no case was reported with poor results, requiring more than one surgical intervention. Suture dehiscence was the complication with the highest incidence, reaching 36% (8/22), followed by infection and edema, with 32% (7/2) and 27% (6/22) respectively, and with a lower incidence of seroma and hematoma with 23% (5/22) each, and necrosis with 18% (4/22). The most recurrent histopathological diagnosis was mast cell tumor, representing 32% of cases (7/22), followed by soft tissue sarcomas, with 27% (6/22). The incidence of tumors with compromised margins (M1) in this study was 36% (8/22), while the occurrence of margins close (< 2mm) (M2) was 14% (3/22) and free margins were only 23 % (5/22) being two cases with a clear margin of 2-5mm (M3) and three of these cases with a clear margin > 5mm (M4). Obtaining a clean histopathological margin in only 23% of the animals in this study, associated with the low incidence of tumor recurrence at the surgical site, even for those cases in which the margin was compromised or close to it, leads to the conclusion that tumor excision associated with therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy and electrochemotherapy were essential for the good result observed.