Efeito do exercício físico em idosos com pré sarcopenia: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: The progressive loss of muscle mass and strength is a physiological consequence of aging and generally progresses to the state of pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia or severe sarcopenia. The progression of pre-sarcopenia is associated with adverse health outcomes, including falls, frailty, poor quality of life, and death. Low levels of physical activity and poor diet can accelerate this process. Objective: To analyze the effect of physical exercise on pre-sarcopenia in older adults, in a review of the most current literature. Methodology: A review of studies published between 2008 and 2023 was carried out in the electronic databases: Pubmed, PEDro and Cochrane Library. The descriptors used were: pre sarcopenia, sarcopenia risk, probable sarcopenia, exercise, elderly. A total of 9 studies were included. Results: Physical exercise and high-protein diet interventions played a positive and crucial role in muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance and quality of life in the older adults population. By focusing on resistance physical exercise as an intervention strategy, studies have shown promising results in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), walking speed, balance and muscle strength. 31 participants decreased TUG test time showing significant TUG performance (p= <0.01). Muscle strength increased in 111 people, mainly in knee extension strength, trunk extensors and hip adductors. In the sit-down and stand-up test, there was an improvement in test time in 151 participants. Walking speed improved significantly in 241 people. 118 people had an increase in lean mass and 19 older adults had a significant decrease in grip strength in the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: The main finding of this literature review study is that resistance training programs were able to improve physical performance, strength and muscle mass, in addition to reversing the diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia in older adults.