Eficiência da fisioterapia imediata no pós operatório de artroplastia de joelho: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: The life expectancy of the elderly population is increasing, leading to a greater prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoarthritis, which is characterised by wear and tear of the articular cartilage and bone changes that have a negative impact on the individual's quality of life. In advanced cases, when conservative treatment is not effective, knee arthroplasty is indicated. Immediate physiotherapy after surgery is essential for the patient's recovery in order to relieve pain and improve physical function. Objective: Investigating the evidence for the effectiveness of immediate physiotherapy during the first four weeks after knee arthroplasty. Methods: This study is a literature review. A search was made of the databases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Pubmed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), in English and/or Portuguese. Results: Nine studies were selected, eight Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs) and only one pilot RCT. The rehabilitation protocols reported early mobilisation, ADM exercises and knee strengthening. The results showed that early rehabilitation after knee arthroplasty offers significant benefits, such as improvements in physical function, reduction of oedema and pain relief. Conclusion: This review showed the benefits of immediate physiotherapy after knee arthroplasty, with most interventions being effective in patient recovery. Those that did not show fully positive results contributed to improving physical and functional performance after surgery. This reinforces the importance of immediate physiotherapy as a crucial part of the recovery process. Key-words: Arthroplasty; Knee; Physiotherapy; Immediate; Postoperative.