O ensino da argumentação no desenvolvimento de estratégias argumentativas: elaboração de sequência didática com uso do artigo de opinião para o ensino médio

Abstract

Several objectives linked by the BNCC of 2017 to High School mention the importance of the pedagogical use of textual genres to develop skills necessary in the basic formation of subjects, preparing them for social and political life. The use of the opinion article is indicated as a highly fruitful pedagogical possibility for training in basic education, since this type of textual genre is capable of stimulating behaviors necessary for current civic life. The general objective of this research was to show that the opinion article can contribute to the formulation of argumentative strategies and the development of writing and speaking skills permeated by a grounded critical sense. The methodology of literature review was used to support the research with results extracted from other scientific studies, books, legislation, and current standards. The scientific studies were searched in the databases of the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes) and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), with a year of publication between 2008 and 2024, in the Portuguese language and in the format of a scientific article, dissertation or thesis. This was qualitative research, of a basic nature, with a descriptive objective and bibliographic procedure. The main theoretical basis of this research was the epistemes worked by Luciano Vidon, Luiz Marcuschi and Mikhail Bakhtin. The results found from the analysis of the theoretical contribution demonstrated that the opinion article is a type of textual genre of high relevance for pedagogical use in basic education, at the levels of Fundamental and Secondary Education, since it stimulates the development of numerous skills required by the BNCC, such as critical thinking, content analysis, etc. As a final product, this research built and had a didactic sequence that used the opinion article as a pedagogical basis, having as its theme the culture of rape, intended for High School. The aim of this research is to highlight the urgency of working with this and other textual genres in basic education, thus forming citizens who are better able to deal actively in their social and political experiences, being able to confront false information and position themselves appropriately in the face of relevant and emerging social issues.