Aplicativo para minimizar impactos relacionados à inundações em áreas urbanas: o caso do córrego Engenho Nogueira em Belo Horizonte, MG

Abstract

This research is inserted in the context of the development of the project called "Water Management", developed by the Military School of Belo Horizonte (CMBH) and the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). In general, it proposes an analysis of the complex reality related to the physical, chemical, biological and socioeconomic conditions of water resources, focusing on the identification and search for positive local and regional interventions in watersheds. The methodology used here for the analysis of watersheds is called 3Ps, through which it is possible to enumerate Problems (1° P), Potentialities (2° P) and Possibilities (3° P) for the improvement of the studied place. Among the analysis carried out, the issue related to the floods in the capital of Minas Gerais state was selected for further study in this research. Although, this is not a problem only in Belo Horizonte. In other capitals of Brazil, there are dozens of areas of floods with high potential for causing damage to society, in which the present research can also be contextualized. In order to minimize losses caused by the phenomenon of floods, the public authorities of the capital cities adopt preventive measures, such as the collection of garbage and rubble discarded by the population in inadequate places. In addition, there are signs installed in areas subject to flooding. Besides, when a flood occurs, the event is reported after a citizen has been warned by telephone on 199. Only then the information is disseminated in social networks, with the aim of reaching a larger audience.Considering this situation, the research studied more effective ways to assist society, informing risk areas and data from these regions in real time. Thus, the research aimed to create a technology capable of reducing the difficulty of data transmission, automating it and allowing immediate analysis of the flood risk condition in Belo Horizonte and in other capitals where this phenomenon is recurrent.In this way, the research developed an app for mobile phone, which is able to achieve the objectives mentioned above. It was based on the concept known as "Internet of Things", which merges the real world with the digital world, so you can be in constant communication and interaction with other people or objects. It was used an electronic platform, the Arduin - composed of a microcontroller, digital and analog I/O lines, and a USB interface to connect to the computer, used to program and interact in real time. The hardware chosen was the WiFi Module NodeMcuESP8266, which combines the functionality of Arduino with the capacity of data transmission via WiFi. Its programming can be done through the Arduino IDE, an integrated development environment that works as a compiler, where you have access to the syntax of the programming code. Water level monitoring was carried out by means of float sensors connected to Arduino's digital inputs. The project was mounted on a contact matrix, being able to send warning signals through a WiFi network. To visualize the data sent by the NodeMCU, an app was developed for Android platform, using an open source app called MIT App Inventor. The app created by this project allows to visualize, in real time, through the internet, the level of watercourses classified into three levels (low, medium, high). In addition, using a streaming platform, it is also possible to view live images of the site.