Caracterização do perfil clínico-epidemiológico da epidemia de Febre Amarela no Brasil entre 2017 - 2018

Abstract

Yellow fever (YF) is a re-emerging viral disease that goes back centuries and, since then, has remained a cause of great concern for public health services as it causes devastating epidemics and results in potentially fatal hemorrhagic fever. Endemic to tropical and subtropical regions, in South America is restricted to the Amazon Basin, where it can be intermittently epidemic. However, at the end of 2016 and, more specifically between the periods of 2017 and 2018, its spread occurred and there was an alarming increase in the number of cases in the southeast region of Brazil, especially in the state of Minas Gerais (MG). Despite the efforts of researchers until now, this epidemic resulted in a unique opportunity to study a disease that is still neglected and requires additional researches to understand it.The analysis of epidemiological and virological data associated with increased sampling allowed the observation of previously unknown clinical manifestations of the acute and post- convalescent phase of YF and, thus, new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies could be outlined.The recognition of a new syndrome in patients characterized by late- onset hepatitis also served as a warning to specialists that YFV would also have repercussions in the convalescence phase, suggesting the need for clinical monitoring even after hospital discharge.This literature review describes clinical- epidemiological aspects of YF in the epidemic occurred between 2017 – 2018 and recent changes in the geographic distribution of the disease, with the objective of unifying the information available to this present moment in order to facilitate consultation by healthcare professionals and directing strategies that improve the management of these patients.