Áreas de influência das estações de transferência e de integração do sistema MOVE em Belo Horizonte-MG

Abstract

Urban bus transportation systems are among the main components of travel matrices in metropolises, constituting - or reflecting - major transformations in the socio-spatial organization of urban fabrics. In the last decade, Brazilian capitals have experienced investment in bus transportation infrastructure - in reflection of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics - which caused reorganization of daily circulation flows, service capacity, and coverage. In Belo Horizonte, this dynamic occurs with the implementation of MOVE - a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system - in 2014, which reorganized the scope and coverage of public transportation, especially in the north axis of the city and metropolitan region - in line, even, with the accelerated urban expansion of the metropolitan axis. In order to understand, quantify and analyze the transformations caused by the MOVE transportation structure in the city, the research aimed to delimit and analyze the influence areas of integration and transfer stations of the MOVE system in Belo Horizonte, in order to evaluate the degree of influence the system promotes. To achieve the intended objectives, the methodology of generating "Voronoi polygons" was used, a method of spatial analysis and proximity for generating influence areas in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, calculated in a weighted manner, with the daily flow of passengers at the stations as weight. The reclassification of land use and occupancy typologies of the municipality was also carried out, based on the concept of "Travel Generating Poles" (PGVs), in order to support the interpretation of the results obtained with the generated polygons. The use of the methodology allowed the identification of distribution patterns of influence areas, with those with the highest number of identified PGVs being closer to the service areas of the Integration Stations and with larger delimited areas, while those located in regions with high competition with the conventional transportation network and low PGV density presented limitations in attracting capacity. Overall, the results obtained allowed for reflections on the attractiveness capacity of the system, as well as on the organization structure of the network of lines and stations that make up MOVE, in addition to the potentialities and limitations of Voronoi polygons for applied studies.