Direitos das mulheres e extrema-direita : Brasil e Índia vistos pela ONU

Abstract

In this work, we look at the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), in relation to Brazil and India, before and after the rise of the far right in these countries. These documents reflect United Nations (UN) mechanisms for monitoring women's rights in each State. The UN, throughout its history, has been committed to the promotion and protection of women's rights, by providing a sphere for interaction between States, in which the production of norms is facilitated, and the sharing of conduct parameters becomes evident. The UN, as an international institution, influences the behavior of States and facilitates the formation of international regimes for thematic cooperation. We argue about the existence of an international women's rights regime, based on declarations, conventions and pacts made since the creation of the UN. However, this organization does not have binding mechanisms in relation to women's rights standards. In its activities, it is responsible for monitoring and advising based on what is formally established, through norms, treaties and agreements, and also informally, based on the socialization of States. In this sense, we can observe the rise of the global extreme right, which challenges women's rights on an international agenda, and above all operates against the domestic agendas of these rights. The cases of Brazil and India were selected, and present different ways in which far-right governments articulate the regression of women's rights. Therefore, the CEDAW and RPU reports look for signs of concern and recommendations from the UN regarding the rise of the extreme right. Methodologically, a documentary analysis of reports on Brazil and India, before and after the extreme right, is carried out. The first period is temporally demarcated as from 2005 to 2013, and the second from 2014 to 2022. It is considered, in the end, that UN monitoring, despite being a reference for the maintenance of an international regime of women's rights, they do not include the extreme right in their agendas.