Comparação da influência de tarefas motoras coordenativas, corrida e combinada sobre componentes físicos, cognitivos e desempenho durante pequenos jogos

Abstract

In the context of soccer, during matches or training sessions, physical and cognitive stimuli are constantly required. In many cases, athletes are required to perform technical actions while being disturbed by various stressful stimuli, such as the presence of an opponent. Therefore, different training methods and means have been used to improve physical and cognitive aspects based on motor tasks. The physical and mental overload of these tasks exposes athletes to stimuli that can affect physical and cognitive indicators and cause reductions in physical and tactical-technical performance during small-sided games. Therefore, this thesis has two objectives: 1) to compare the effects of protocols based on coordinating motor tasks, sprint, and combined on perceived mental effort and fatigue, vertical jump height, and performance in the Stroop test; and 2) to compare the effects of protocols based on coordinating motor tasks, sprint, and combined on the physical and tactical-technical offensive and defensive performance of soccer players during small-sided games. For this purpose, in study 1, 25 under-15 athletes performed four experimental conditions: coordination protocol (COORD); sprint protocol (SPRT); combined protocol (COMB); and protocol with low cognitive demand. Before and after each protocol, the perception of effort, perceived mental fatigue, vertical jump height (CMJ), response time, and number of correct answers in the Stroop test were evaluated. The analysis identified a greater perception of effort and lower performance in the CMJ associated with the SPRT and COMB protocols than the others. However, after the COORD and COMB protocols, greater perceived mental fatigue was observed compared to CONT, but only after COMB was a longer response time identified compared to CONT. In the second investigation, 24 under-15 athletes also performed the previously mentioned protocols. Then, a small game of 4v4 + GK on a 40×30 m field for 7 minutes was played. The analysis indicated lower accuracy of decision-making (DT) of the pass after COORD compared to CONT and COMB, but when support was analyzed, higher DT and execution values were observed after COORD than the other protocols. COMB and COORD resulted in shorter in-phase coordination time on the depth axis in the offensive and defensive phases, while COORD also decreased interpersonal coordination time in width in the defensive phase. When physical performance was evaluated, COMB resulted in a shorter total distance traveled and a shorter distance at initial acceleration levels compared to CONT. After COMB and SPRT, a lower number of decelerations was observed. It is concluded that combining coordinating motor tasks and sprint promotes reductions in physical aspects, decreases efficiency in cognitive processes, and also impairs physical and tactical performance when small-sided games are played following the protocols.