O uso da vírgula na gramática, nas escolas, nos livros didáticos e na metodologia da aprendizagem ativa

Abstract

This work has the following main objectives: firstly, to present research and analyses related to the rules of comma use in some traditional grammars, such as Nova Gramática do Português Contemporâneo from 1985 by Celso Cunha and Lindley Cintra, Gramática Normativa da Língua Portuguesa from 1997 by Rocha Lima, Moderna Gramática Portuguesa from 2007 by Evanildo Bechara and Novíssima Gramática da Língua Portuguesa from 1989 by Domingos Paschoal Cegalla. In this first moment, the complexities in relation to the rules of comma use for the student in the process of knowledge construction are examined. In a second and third moment, the proposal is to investigate how commas are taught in schools. In this sense, some high school and elementary school textbooks were analyzed, such as Se Liga nas Línguas Português from 2020, Novas Palavras from 2013 and Tecendo Linguagens from 2018. In the fifth part of this work, there is a careful investigation of the book Linguística, Gramática e Aprendizagem Ativa by Eloisa Pilati from 2017 and the proposal of teaching based on the methodology proposed by Pilati, reflecting on innovation in teaching for simpler and more effective learning. Demonstrative tables of syntactic structures in direct and indirect orders for the construction of knowledge regarding the use of commas are also presented, in addition to the proposal for the use of concrete materials. To make a comparison among the study of the use of commas in grammars, textbooks and the Methodology of Active Linguistic Learning, there is a very explanatory table. Finally, there is also a very interesting evaluation and reflection on the book Neuroscience and Education as the Brain Learns by authors Ramon M. Cosenza and Leonor B. Guerra from 2011. In this part, the objective is to understand how learning occurs in the brain. Thus, the final proposal is to renew the teaching of commas in schools using innovative learning mechanisms. Finally, the final considerations. Keywords: use of commas; grammars; textbooks; active learning.