Recuperação do impacto ambiental na Ocupação Vitória em Belo Horizonte

Abstract

The accelerated urbanization process that took place in Brazil in the 20th century resulted in a rapid urban expansion in cities, often without urban planning and self-construction techniques being used. This process meant that a portion of the population ceased to inhabit the formal city due to high real estate speculation and began to occupy areas on top of hills, riversides, areas of environmental preservation and risk areas. In 2013, the Vitória informal settlement began, in the northern sector of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Vitória informal settlement is located in the largest preserved area belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome of the city. This area belongs to the Izidora microbasin, which is part of the São Francisco River basin and comprises 950 hectares, which corresponds to three times the area of Central Park in New York. The occupation that took place in this area caused a great environmental impact, such as loss of vegetation, dissipation of water in the soil, silting up of watercourses, soil capture and accumulation of sediments. The study area was divided into four large headwaters, namely, N1, N2, N3A and N3B. For the remediation of the environmental impact to occur, the impact diagnosis will be elaborated and, in sequence, the environmental recovery project that is aligned with the Nature-based Solutions, so that there is a compatibility between the environmental recovery and the urban recovery. This work aims to evaluate the environmental impacts that occurred as a result of urban occupation in a water recharge area and to present a project for environmental recovery aligned with the urban recovery of the area.