Comparação de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos em cães com neoplasias e outras doenças

Abstract

The dynamics of the relationship between humans and domestic animals have been transforming, with animals helping to improve the well-being of their owners and being used as models in human health research, including cancer. Despite advancements, there remains a significant challenge in both diagnosis and treatment, possibly due to the behavior of different types of cancer. The use of laboratory indicators, such as N/L and PLQ/L ratios, has been studied to assess the inflammatory pattern and mortality. Furthermore, biochemical ratios like GGT/ALP, ALB/ALP, and AST/ALT have shown potential in the prognostic evaluation of neoplasms. This study aimed to compare hematological and biochemical parameters of dogs with non-neoplastic diseases (G1), cancer (G2), and healthy dogs (G3), with the goal of aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of oncological patients. In G1 and G2, the data from the first appointment were spreadsheeted, and a new data collection was carried out from the last consultation of the same patients. After comparing the groups and times, data were also compared between the different types of cancer presented. Higher leukocyte counts were observed in non-neoplastic diseases (median: 14,000 cells/µL) compared to the group with neoplasia (median: 9,540 cells/µL); however, in the temporal evaluation of the groups, there was a return to normality in G1 and persistent leukocytosis in G2. Although lymphopenia was observed in both G1 and G2, it was only in the cancer group that this alteration persisted over time (-45%). Among the neoplasms, hematological alterations were more pronounced in lymphoma, with the highest results found for N/L ratios (16.07) and PLQ/L ratios (398.09). There was no significant variation in isolated biochemical analytes, however, higher values were observed for ALB/ALP (0.036) and AST/ALT (0.61) in oncological cases when compared to general diseases (ALB/ALP = 0.001; AST/ALT = 0.11). Temporal analysis showed reductions in ALB/ALP (-4.49%) and GGT/ALP (-10.49%) in non-neoplastic diseases, unlike oncological cases, which showed increases of 15.17% and 47.87%, respectively. As with the hematological evaluation, biochemical parameters of dogs with lymphoma were among the most altered. The study emphasizes the importance of individualized and serial laboratory evaluation, showing that, although the parameters considered did not present a clear pattern of differentiation between cancer and other non-neoplastic diseases, patients with lymphoma exhibit more significant changes than the other patient groups evaluated.