Do impacto à reparação: Avaliação e proposição de estratégias para a Restauração Florestal da Bacia do Rio Paraopeba, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Abstract

In this study, we used information on the impacts resulting from the collapse of the iron ore tailings dam in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, to develop models that assist in decision-making regarding the actions for reparations and mitigation of these impacts. The first chapter presents the application of the Pressure-State-Impact-Response (PSIR) methodology in the Socioenvironmental Repair Plan for the Paraopeba Basin (PRSABP) and its limitations in addressing the complexity of the disaster. Additionally, we present a network analysis of the impacts, which is useful for identifying interconnections and revealing strategic impacts, allowing investments in the mitigation of impacts that can benefit other interconnected ones. We conclude that forest restoration is a central action in the socioenvironmental repair and compensation of the basin, as it contributes to the sustainable management of water resources and the resilience of ecosystems and dependent communities. In the second chapter, we propose the identification of priority areas for forest restoration in the basin, aiming to recover water quality and availability. For this, we employed a multi-criteria analysis model, with variable weights defined with the participation of local leaders. The results highlight the strategic importance of restoring areas near watercourses and springs to improve the quality of life for local communities. The predominance of pastures and agricultural production areas in the priority regions indicates a low opportunity cost for implementing restoration actions. We conclude that the proposed model is effective in guiding restoration efforts and can support the planning and implementation of public policies aimed at recovering watersheds impacted by human activities. In the third chapter, we quantified the functional connectivity of the permanent preservation areas of the Paraopeba river basin and evaluated its response to different scenarios of vegetation increase. We conclude that the restoration of riparian corridors is effective in increasing the functional connectivity of the landscape, benefiting species with varying dispersal capacities.