Análise da equidade da oferta como ferramenta para o planejamento do transporte público

Abstract

Accessibility to public transportation is essential for a sustainable and inclusive city. Many authors have been studying the equity of public transportation supply and how this perspective can contribute to system planning. This study aims to answer the question: "how to use equity of supply as a tool for public transportation planning?" After a literature review, it was observed that many researchers have overlooked the influence of access to stops and stations when assessing supply, disregarding walkability in their analyses. As a first contribution, this work adapted network analysis methodology to include slope as a weighting factor for the maximum acceptable walking distance to the system, in order to provide access equity. Another contribution of the study lies in the reflection on the relationship between equity and quality, questioning whether progress in one necessarily implies progress in the other. For this stage, public transportation data from Belo Horizonte for the years 2010 and 2023 were analyzed, along with user evaluations of the system itself. Finally, the third contribution of this work was the use of supply equity as a tool to identify potential demand for the system, as well as areas in the city that require improvement. It is hoped that this type of tool will be increasingly discussed and incorporated into public transportation planning, providing, as far as possible, better conditions for accessing opportunities and the possibility of upward mobility, especially for those who rely most on the public system.