Impacto nos cursos dágua de cidades históricas mineiras: estudo de caso : córrego do Seminário de Mariana

Abstract

The attractive force of Minas Gerais historical cities in contemporaneity is evidenced by the influx tourism and the alternative quality of life for housing in mid-sized cores. The importance as historical record evidence of gold mining eighteenth century, was not only the name of the ancient capital OuroPreto, or in the name of the State confederation, but also in the villages that still retain that urban characteristic of colonial times, the force of an evolution driven by economic activities contemporary, post-1960s, dominated by iron mining. Contradictory to this development, the typical features of historical conformations run through transformations that comes disfiguring the architecture, urban and landscape patrimony of these sites that were protected by overturning. The historical center is pressed by population density which reflects the change in the morphology of buildings and urbanism, occupying risk areas prone to flooding and river banks previously unoccupied. The fact is evident when comparing two snapshots of the same region within the polygonal tumbled from historic towns, one from the 1930s, part of the overturning process that intended the protection of the characteristics of the gold economy, and another of the 2010 decade in validity of the iron economy. At a time when public policies are turning to the territorial ordering after the City Statute (Federal Law 10.257 / 2001), which forced the managers of historical cities work their master plans for municipal development, the use and occupation land zoning use become up legal instruments to regulate the contemporary occupation. In similar initiative in 2008 the Monumenta IPHAN Program developed the Standards for the Urban Set Mariana Preservation having as methodology historical morphological sectorization prioritizing the arch-urbanism in the Portuguese imperial period. The aim of this study was to understand the two seasons, the gold scenario and the iron scenario, by determining variables of the evolution process in systems approach in the aspect that resonates spatially along the banks of urban watercourses within the overturned perimeter, property not much treated in these Standards. As an event to deepen, the occupation of the banks of the Seminário Stream in Mariana was searched. The revelations coming from the consequences gold of alluvial mining in rivers and the subsistence periods in which cities have become regional hubs through the yards and gardens activities that culturally resonated in Minas Gerais, were compared with the irregular margins watercourses occupation derogatory "beauty and harmony of the landscape" described as notability of the urban-architectural landscaped collection as base for the overturning, but also as urban quality of life of the XXI century. The contradiction between the scenario gold and the iron scenario impresses by the approach size. Like the Brazilian modernist movement ninety years ago instituted the protection of national patrimony through overturning, a century later a new movement may be necessary not to lose in the historical legacy of the auriferous national period. Keywords: Historic cities. Urban rivers. Backyards. Occupation irregular. Recovery.