O ingresso dos jovens no mercado de trabalho: uma análise das regiões metropolitanas brasileiras nas últimas décadas

Abstract

The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the debut in the labor market of the youth between 15 and 24 years old, during 1982/1983, 1991/1992 and 2000/2001 periods. The analysis considers six metropolitan regions in Brazil together: Recife, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Porto Alegre. The works motivation are to investigate the age structure of the transition to the labor market; the factors that influence it, such as, the individual characteristics, family resources and demographic variables, and, finally, if during the time have happened significant changes. The data basis used was the Monthly Employment Survey (PME) of IBGE and three techniques were applied: first, the singulate mean age in order to calculate the first job mean age; second, survival tables to analyze the transitions age structure, considering different groups, such as, all the youth together; males and females separately; and students and no students also separately. Third, a multinomial logit model to analyze the factors that influence the labor markets insertion moment. At the end, it is possible to say that the youth are postponing their transition to work; there are significant differences between males and females, although they are declining during the time; there are also important differences between youth that study and those who dont study. Besides, there are significant influence of individual characteristics (for instance, gender and schooling), family resources (cultural, economic and familiar social capitals) and demographic variables (age, cohort size, period).