Interface entre consumo e comportamento alimentar, inflamação e os fatores de risco cardiovascular entre indivíduos com excesso de peso

Abstract

The close relationship between overweight, inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors raises investigations that contribute to advances in the treatment of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Objective: To investigate the association between consumption and eating behavior, inflammatory status and cardiovascular risk factors among overweight adults and elderly in a Health Primary Care service in Belo Horizonte - MG. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 103 users 20 years, overweight (adults: BMI 30 kg/m2; elderly: BMI 27 kg/m2), including the assessment of sociodemographic and health characteristics, food intake measured by 24 hours dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire; and eating behavior measured by stages of change (SC), based on the Transtheoretical Model for fat intake and fruits and vegetables consumption. A subsample of the population (n = 44) was randomly selected to assess metabolic (total and HDL high density lipoprotein, fasting glucose, insulin and triglycerides) and inflammatory parameters (adiponectin, interleukin-6 and 10, tumor necrosis factos- and resistin). Risk factors (RF) cardiovascular were determined based on anthropometric and metabolic data. There were statistical tests Chi-squares,/Fishers exact test, simple Student's t test, ANOVA, Mann - Whitney and Kruskal Wallis test for intergroup comparisons, and McNemar for intra-group (p < 0.05). To determine the variables associated with the number of FR and pseudo maintenance were held multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression, respectively. Results: It was denoted high prevalence of NCDs and inadequate food profile with insufficient consumption of fruit, vegetables and olive oil, concomitant with high intake of simple sugar and vegetable oil. The consumption of saturated fatty acids ( SFA) was inversely related to the blood levels of HDL-C levels (r = -0.326, p=0.040). Most users were allocated in the action group, but were high prevalences of pseudo maintenance (23.3 % for fat intake and 19.4% for fruits and vegetables consumption). Factors associated with pseudo maintenance were age and excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids for behavior fat intake and income and hypercholesterolemia for fruit and vegetable consumption. The average of risk factors was 2.5 ± 1.2, with 50% (n=22) of participants having 3 or more RF and the serum adiponectin (=-0.033, p=0.024) and age ( = 0.026 , p = 0.033 ) were associated with the number of FR. Higher mean of adiponectin were observed among individuals with < 3 RF (27.9±14.1 vs. 19.4±10.7 ng/mL; p=0.033), in the lowest tertile of waist circumference (p = 0.049) and in action/maintenance for the "fat intake" behavior (24.3±13.4 vs 15.6±2.5 ng/mL; p=0.004). Conclusion: The results show an inverse association between adiponectin and cardiovascular risk factors and suggest that characteristics such as age, income, presence of diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, as well as behavioral assessment should be considered in the nutritional management of overweight individuals.